Diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography for root canal morphology assessment - a micro-CT based comparison.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a root canal anatomy diagnostic tool by comparison with micro-CT gold-standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 216 two-rooted mandibular molars were first scanned in a CBCT device (200 µm voxel size) and posteriorly in a micro-CT scanner (19.61 µm). The volumes were sequentially screened to classify main root canal anatomy according to Vertucci classification, and for the presence of lateral canals and apical deltas, in both mesial and distal roots. RESULTS: Both methods revealed a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type II and IV in the mesial root, and Vertucci Type I in the distal root. The percentage of agreement for main root canal anatomy classification between CBCT and micro-CT scores was high (85.2%). CONCLUSION: Sensibility to detect both lateral canals and apical deltas with CBCT was low. These results attest to the fact that minor anatomical changes might be difficult to identify with CBCT imaging, hampering its diagnostic value.

Management of Apico-marginal Defects With Endodontic Microsurgery and Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Report of Thirteen Cases.

The loss of periodontal tissue support and vertical buccal bone loss in apico-marginal defects can often be mistaken for features indicative of vertical root fractures and this study reports thirteen cases with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis, apico-marginal defects, and large periapical lesions that were managed with endodontic microsurgery in conjunction with bone grafts and barrier placements with a follow-up period of up to 9 years. At the recall sessions, all cases were asymptomatic with radiographical success with only 2 cases exhibiting residual apical radiolucency, but with evident reduction in the lesion size, indicative of healing. This study highlights the potential of utilizing endodontic microsurgery combined with guided tissue regeneration that proved effective in stimulating the regeneration of periodontal tissue in cases of apico-marginal defects that can lead to favourable long-term outcomes.

Unveiling the Relevance of the Oral Cavity as a Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Site and Potential Source of Antimicrobial Resistance.

Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and a pathogen, that causes serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Despite nostrils being considered its preferred host habitat, the oral cavity has been demonstrated to be an ideal starting point for auto-infection and transmission. The antibiotic resistance assessment of S. aureus is a priority and is often reported in clinical settings. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in the oral and nasal cavities of healthy individuals. The participants (n = 101) were subjected to a demographic and clinical background survey, a caries evaluation, and to oral and nasal swabbing. Swabs were cultured in differential/selective media and S. aureus isolates were identified (MALDI-TOF MS) and tested for antibiotic susceptibility (EUCAST/CLSI). Similar S. aureus prevalence was found exclusively on nasal (13.9%) or oral (12.0%) habitats, whereas 9.9% of the population were simultaneous nasal and oral carriers. In oro-nasal cavities, similar antibiotic resistance rates (83.3-81.5%), including MDR (20.8-29.6%), were observed. Notably, 60% (6/10) of the simultaneous nasal and oral carriers exhibited different antibiotic resistance profiles between cavities. This study demonstrates the relevance of the oral cavity as an independent colonization site for S. aureus and as a potential source of antimicrobial resistance, a role which has been widely neglected so far.

Cardiovascular Statistics from the Good Practices in Cardiology Program - Data from a Brazilian Tertiary Public Hospital. / Estatísticas Cardiovasculares do Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia ­ Dados de um Hospital Público Terciário Brasileiro.

BACKGROUND: The Good Practices in Cardiology Program is an initiative created by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) to improve the quality of care of cardiovascular disease patients in Brazilian public hospitals. OBJECTIVES: To characterize patients admitted to a tertiary public hospital with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or heart failure (HF) and to evaluate performance indicators in both ACS and HF arms, with a pre-established target of 85% adherence to the SBC recommendations. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through data collection of patients hospitalized between May 2016 and September 2019. RESULTS: A total of 1,036 patients were included, 273 in the HF arm and 763 in the ACS arm. Mean age was 59.8 ± 12.0 years in the ACS and 57.0 ± 14.1 years in the HF, with a predominance of male patients in both groups. More than half of patients had some primary education and more than 90% reported a monthly income of less than five minimum wages. In ACS, the diagnosis of ACS with ST segment elevation was predominant (66.3%), and 2.9% of patients died. In HF, the most common etiology was Chagas disease (25.8%), and 17.9% died. Analysis of the performance indicators revealed an adherence rate higher than 85% to nine of the 12 indicators. CONCLUSION: Quality programs are essential for improvement of quality of care. Performance indicators pointed to a good adherence to the SBC guidelines, mainly in the ACS arm.

FUNDAMENTO: O Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia é uma iniciativa da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) destinada à melhoria do cuidado cardiovascular nos hospitais públicos brasileiros. OBJETIVOS: Descrever características dos pacientes internados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) e Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) e avaliar os indicadores de desempenho alcançados nos braços (SCA e IC) em um hospital público terciário, com uma meta pré-estabelecida de 85% de aderência às recomendações da SBC. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo realizado por meio da coleta de dados de pacientes que estiveram internados entre maio de 2016 e setembro de 2019. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 1036 pacientes, 273 pacientes no braço IC e 763 no braço SCA. A média de idade foi de 59,8 ± 12,0 anos na SCA e 57,0 ± 14,1 anos na IC, com predomínio do sexo masculino em ambos os grupos. Mais da metade dos pacientes não tinham ensino fundamental completo e mais de 90% declararam renda mensal inferior a cinco salários-mínimos. Na SCA, predominou o diagnóstico de SCA com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (66,3%) e 2,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na IC, a etiologia mais comum foi a Doença de Chagas (25,8%) e 17,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho, nove dos 12 indicadores tiveram taxas de aderência acima de 85%. CONCLUSÃO: Programas de qualidade são essenciais à melhoria do cuidado e os indicadores de desempenho do hospital apontam para uma boa adesão às diretrizes assistenciais da SBC, particularmente no braço da SCA.

Apoe4 and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-Mitochondrial Deregulation and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.

APOE ε4 allele (ApoE4) is the primary genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), expressed in 40-65% of all AD patients. ApoE4 has been associated to many pathological processes possibly linked to cognitive impairment, such as amyloid-ß (Aß) and tau pathologies. However, the exact mechanism underlying ApoE4 impact on AD progression is unclear, while no effective therapies are available for this highly debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. This review describes the current knowledge of ApoE4 interaction with mitochondria, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity, associated with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and it effects on mitochondrial dynamics, namely fusion and fission, and mitophagy. Moreover, ApoE4 translocates to the nucleus, regulating the expression of genes involved in aging, Aß production, inflammation and apoptosis, potentially linked to AD pathogenesis. Thus, novel therapeutical targets can be envisaged to counteract the effects induced by ApoE4 in AD brain.

Estatísticas Cardiovasculares do Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia - Dados de um Hospital Público Terciário Brasileiro / Cardiovascular Statistics from the Good Practices in Cardiology Program - Data from a Brazilian Tertiary Public Hospital

Resumo Fundamento O Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia é uma iniciativa da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) destinada à melhoria do cuidado cardiovascular nos hospitais públicos brasileiros. Objetivos Descrever características dos pacientes internados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) e Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) e avaliar os indicadores de desempenho alcançados nos braços (SCA e IC) em um hospital público terciário, com uma meta pré-estabelecida de 85% de aderência às recomendações da SBC. Métodos Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo realizado por meio da coleta de dados de pacientes que estiveram internados entre maio de 2016 e setembro de 2019. Resultados Foram incluídos 1036 pacientes, 273 pacientes no braço IC e 763 no braço SCA. A média de idade foi de 59,8 ± 12,0 anos na SCA e 57,0 ± 14,1 anos na IC, com predomínio do sexo masculino em ambos os grupos. Mais da metade dos pacientes não tinham ensino fundamental completo e mais de 90% declararam renda mensal inferior a cinco salários-mínimos. Na SCA, predominou o diagnóstico de SCA com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (66,3%) e 2,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na IC, a etiologia mais comum foi a Doença de Chagas (25,8%) e 17,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho, nove dos 12 indicadores tiveram taxas de aderência acima de 85%. Conclusão Programas de qualidade são essenciais à melhoria do cuidado e os indicadores de desempenho do hospital apontam para uma boa adesão às diretrizes assistenciais da SBC, particularmente no braço da SCA.

Abstract Background The Good Practices in Cardiology Program is an initiative created by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) to improve the quality of care of cardiovascular disease patients in Brazilian public hospitals. Objectives To characterize patients admitted to a tertiary public hospital with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or heart failure (HF) and to evaluate performance indicators in both ACS and HF arms, with a pre-established target of 85% adherence to the SBC recommendations. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through data collection of patients hospitalized between May 2016 and September 2019. Results A total of 1,036 patients were included, 273 in the HF arm and 763 in the ACS arm. Mean age was 59.8 ± 12.0 years in the ACS and 57.0 ± 14.1 years in the HF, with a predominance of male patients in both groups. More than half of patients had some primary education and more than 90% reported a monthly income of less than five minimum wages. In ACS, the diagnosis of ACS with ST segment elevation was predominant (66.3%), and 2.9% of patients died. In HF, the most common etiology was Chagas disease (25.8%), and 17.9% died. Analysis of the performance indicators revealed an adherence rate higher than 85% to nine of the 12 indicators. Conclusion Quality programs are essential for improvement of quality of care. Performance indicators pointed to a good adherence to the SBC guidelines, mainly in the ACS arm.

Relapsed Ovarian Cancer Patients with Ascites and/or Pleural Effusion Still Benefit from Treatment: A Real-Life Study.

(1) Background: Relapsed HGSOC with ascites and/or pleural effusion is a poor-prognostic population and poorly represented in clinical studies. We questioned if these patients are worth treating. In other words, if these patients received the most effective treatment, would it change the course of this disease? To our knowledge this is the first real-life study to evaluate this question in this low-survival population. (2) Methods: To tackle this question we performed a retrospective, multi-centric, real-life study, that reviewed relapsed HGSOC patients with ascites and/or pleural effusion. Our rationale was to compare the OS of two groups of patients: responders, i.e., patients who had an imagological response to treatment (complete/partial response/stable disease, RECIST criteria) versus non-responders (no response/progression upon treatment). We evaluated the predictive value of clinical variables that are available in a real-life setting (e.g., staging, chemotherapy, surgery, platinum-sensitivity). Multivariate logistic regression and survival analysis was conducted. A two-step cluster analysis SPSS tool was used for subgroup analysis. Platinum sensitivity/resistance was also analyzed, as well as multivariate and cluster analysis. (3) Results: We included 57 patients, 41.4% first line responders and 59.6% non-responders. The median OS of responders was 23 months versus 8 months in non-responders (p < 0.001). This difference was verified in platinum-sensitive (mOS 28 months vs. 8 months, p < 0.001) and platinum-resistant populations (mOS 16 months vs. 7 months, p < 0.001). Thirty-one patients reached the second line, of which only 10.3% responded to treatment. Three patients out of thirty-one who did not respond in the first line of relapse, responded in the second line. In the second line, the mOS for the responders' group vs. non-responders was 31 months versus 13 months (p = 0.02). The two step cluster analysis tool found two different subgroups with different prognoses based on overall response rate, according to consolidation chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, FIGO staging and surgical treatment. Cluster analysis showed that even patients with standard clinical and treatment variables associated with poor prognosis might achieve treatment response (the opposite being also true). (4) Conclusions: Our data clearly show that relapsed HGSOC patients benefit from treatment. If given an effective treatment upfront, this can lead to a ~3 times increase in mOS for these patients. Moreover, this was irrespective of patient disease and treatment characteristics. Our results highlight the urgent need for a sensitivity test to tailor treatments and improve efficacy rates in a personalized manner.

Telehealth Adoption in an Outpatient Oncology Ward: A Best Practice Implementation Project.

Telehealth is increasingly taking place to support the transition of care and self-management of people living with cancer in outpatient oncology settings. Despite its recognised value, the scientific evidence points to disparities with regard to implementation of telehealth that might compromise the equity of access. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) implementation approach, this project aims to promote the implementation of best practice recommendations for telehealth adoption in an outpatient oncology setting. Assisted by the Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES), the implementation process comprises three phases of (i) a baseline audit, (ii) feedback to the healthcare team and establishment of implementation strategies with the Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tool, and (iii) a follow-up audit. The project is expected to allow the identification of barriers and facilitators for the implementation of telehealth in outpatient oncology and develop a strategy plan for its adoption, with the involvement of end-users and stakeholders. The successful adoption of telehealth according to the best available evidence will likely enhance equity of access to healthcare and quality of care at a distance.

Leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin in endodontic microsurgery: a report of 2 cases.

Endodontic microsurgery is a predictable treatment option when orthograde treatment or retreatment is unsuccessful or unfeasible. However, when there is a gross compromise of periapical bone, achievement of bone regeneration after the surgical procedure may be hampered. In such cases, the application of guided tissue regeneration principles, with adjunctive use of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin to fill the bone defect as a bone substitute and as a membrane to cover the site, provides a cost-effective solution with the benefits of accelerated physiological healing and reduced post-surgical pain and discomfort. This case report presents 2 cases of endodontic microsurgery of the upper lateral incisors with loss of buccal cortical plate, where platelet-rich fibrin was successfully applied.

Cartografando controvérsias na implantação da estratégia e-sus atenção básica a Saúde em Minas Gerais / Cartografía de las controversias en la implementación de la estrategia para la Atención Primaria de Salud en Minas Gerais / Mapping controversies in the implementation of the strategy for Primary Health Care in Minas Gerais

O estudo teve o objetivo de cartografar controvérsias relacionadas à rede de atores na implantação de uma estratégia de informatização da Atenção Básica a Saúde, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa fundamentado na Teoria Ator-Rede. Como referencial metodológico utilizou-se a Cartografia de Controvérsias. Entrevistamos 16 porta-vozes (profissionais de saúde, gestores e técnicos de informática) envolvidos com a implantação da estratégia em um município da região oeste de Minas Gerais. Realizamos observação participante e coleta de 43 documentos ao seguir os porta-vozes durante o processo de implantação no período de Janeiro de 2018 a Abril de 2019. Mapeamos como controvérsia central a decisão em utilizar ou não o sistema próprio municipal em detrimento de outra tecnologia. Outros desdobramentos emergiram: controvérsias éticas; controvérsias diante do processo de integração das informações entre o sistema próprio municipal e os sistemas de software governamentais; controvérsias nas unidades básicas durante a implantação da estratégia de informatização relacionadas às fragilidades estruturais e sobrecarga de trabalho dos profissionais. Ainda constatamos traduções relacionadas ao ato de não planejar e não decidir a partir dos dados armazenados nos sistemas, além de incertezas sobre a responsabilização em alimentar os sistemas de software. Conclui-se que há uma controvérsia central (a decisão em implantar a tecnologia) envolvendo uma rede de atores humanos e não-humanos mobilizando decisões, conflitos e acordos, bem como há desdobramentos (outras controvérsias) que acabam por influenciar a informatização(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear controversias relacionadas con la red de actores en la implementación de una estrategia de informatización para la Atención Primaria de Salud, en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría Actor-Red. Como marco metodológico se utilizó la cartografía de controversias. Fueron entrevistados 16 voceros (profesionales de la salud, gerentes y técnicos en computación) involucrados en la implementación de la estrategia en un municipio de la región occidental de Minas Gerais. Se recolectaron 43 documentos durante el proceso de implementación de enero del año 2018 hasta abril de 2019. Como controversia central se mapeó la decisión de usar o no el propio sistema municipal a expensas de otras tecnologías. Surgieron las siguientes controversias: éticas; sobre el proceso de integración de información entre el propio sistema municipal y los sistemas de software del gobierno; y en las unidades básicas durante la implementación de la estrategia de informatización relacionada con las debilidades estructurales y la sobrecarga de trabajo de los profesionales. Aún encontramos traducciones relacionadas con el acto de no planificar y no decidir a partir de los datos almacenados en los sistemas, además de incertidumbres sobre la responsabilidad de alimentar los sistemas de software. Se concluye que existe una controversia central (la decisión de implantar la tecnología) que involucra a una red de actores humanos y no humanos que movilizan decisiones, conflictos y acuerdos, así como también hay desarrollos (otras controversias) que terminan por influir en la informatización(AU)

The study aimed to map controversies related to the network of actors in the implementation of a computerization strategy for Primary Health Care, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was a qualitative study based on the Actor-Network Theory. As a methodological framework, Controversy Cartography was used. We interviewed 16 spokespersons (health professionals, managers and computer technicians) involved with the implementation of the strategy in a municipality in the Western region of Minas Gerais. We conducted participant observation and collected 43 documents when following the spokespersons during the implementation process from January 2018 to April 2019. We map as a central controversy the decision to use or not the municipal system itself at the expense of other technology. Other developments have emerged: ethical controversies; controversies regarding the process of integrating information between the municipal system itself and government software systems; controversies in basic units during the implementation of the computerization strategy related to structural weaknesses and work overload of professionals. We still found translations related to the act of not planning and not deciding from the data stored in the systems, in addition to uncertainties about the responsibility to feed the software systems. It is concluded that there is a central controversy (the decision to implant the technology) involving a network of human and non-human actors mobilizing decisions, conflicts and agreements, as well as there are developments (other controversies) that end up influencing computerization(AU)

Effect of different manipulations on the physical, chemical and microstructural characteristics of Biodentine.

OBJECTIVE: The water to powder ratio and method of mixing is important for the properties of hydraulic cements. For this purpose a number of clinicians prefer premixed materials. Dental manufacturing companies provide predosed materials, however the manufacturer instructions are not always adhered to. The aim of this research is to investigate physical and chemical alterations of the tricalcium silicate-based cement Biodentine when manipulated according to the manufacturer's instructions (control) or changing the doses and mixing of the material components. METHODS: 6 groups were constituted according to different mixing and dosing of powder and liquid. The hydrated cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Calcium ion concentration of the leachate was also investigated. Assessment of the physical characteristics included setting time and microhardness. RESULTS: Microstructural differences were visible only in the Biodentine mixed manually with water, in which early hydration rate was also affected, with lower calcium ion release. Increase of Biodentine liquid increased the calcium ion release, but also increased the setting time. Manual manipulation required more liquid (both water and Biodentine liquid) added to the mixture to guarantee a similar consistency to the control. A decrease in setting time was also noted. All groups showed higher values of microhardness at 24 h compared to the freshly set materials. In the freshly set materials, there was an overall decrease in microhardness in all groups when compared to group control, particularly significant when increasing the dosage of Biodentine liquid. SIGNIFICANCE: When mixing Biodentine, altering the mixing procedure in terms of type and amount of liquid added to the powder and mixing device chosen has an effect on the physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics and surface topography of the material, when compared to Biodentine mixed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Hence, the manufacturer's instructions should be strictly followed.

Osteosarcoma of the anterior maxilla mimicking a periapical pathology: A case report.

Osteosarcomas of the jaws (OSJ) are difficult to diagnose, rare malignant lesions, with uncharacteristic radiographic and clinical presentation. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve long-term prognosis. The current report presents a rare case of a primary conventional osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the anterior maxilla in a 25-year-old female. She presented to a private dental clinic after developing pain, facial oedema and palpation tenderness of a mass associated with the upper right lateral incisor. The signs and symptoms mimicked very closely a regular radiolucent and symptomatic periapical pathology, and the definitive diagnosis was only possible through a combination of clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings. The patient was referred to an oncology facility, where she was submitted to radical excision surgery through a hemi-maxillectomy. Although other pathologies are uncommon, the differential diagnosis of lesions compatible with odontogenic periapical pathology should not be neglected.

Receptivity and Feedback to the Online Endodontics Congress Concept as a Learning Option - An International Survey.

OBJECTIVE: The traditional face-to-face or on-site lecturing methods are still among the most common forms of delivering knowledge to students in dental education. However, other innovative learning methodologies have the potential to complement, or even improve, the effectiveness and quality of teaching. The aim of this online survey was to analyze the receptivity of endodontics practitioners to a specific online teaching format of a multi-day congress, mimicking an on-site conference, and perceive whether the participants regarded it as an effective way of acquiring knowledge with application in their clinical practice activity. METHODS: An online questionnaire, composed of 17 items, was sent during the last day of a multi-day online congress. Four strands of information were taken into account: demographics; previous online formation experience; personal involvement in the underway online congress; and overview of the online congress concept. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Total counts, frequencies and descriptive statistics were generated by using SurveyMonkey software. RESULTS: A total of 1.827 answers were delivered, which represented a return rate of 15.8%. The results indicated that most of the participants agree that online learning could be a good alternative to the traditional on-site learning methodology in improving their practical abilities. In addition, the present survey found that the majority of the attendees support the use of computers as an assisting tool and only 18.0% reported difficulties when using technologies. A high number of practitioners recognized a favourable cost-benefit ratio of using online lessons and stated they would recommend others to participate in online meetings as well. CONCLUSION: Overall, the present results suggest that online learning may be used successfully to improve student's knowledge and enhance their abilities to apply acquired content in clinical situations. Moreover, the participants felt online learning to be effective, engaging and with a favourable cost-benefit ratio.

Management of a perforating internal root resorption using mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report with 5-year follow-up.

Internal root resorption is characterised by progressive loss of tooth substance initiating at the root canal wall as a result of clastic activity. This report describes a case of a perforating internal root resorption on a maxillary central incisor in a 25-year-old patient. The perforating internal root resorption was firstly diagnosed with periapical radiographs and assessed with full detail with the aid of CBCT, allowing determination of the extension and areas involved in the resorption lesion, as well as the treatment planning. According to these findings, a MTA barrier was performed on the root, -coronally to the resorption lesion, leaving the root apically to the resorption lesion untouched. Clinical findings and periapical radiographs indicated complete resolution of the radiolucency associated with the resorptive defect, with reestablishment of lamina dura along the root and occlusion of the lumen of the root canal in the apical segment, after a 5-year follow-up.

Sensorial Perception of Astringency: Oral Mechanisms and Current Analysis Methods.

Understanding consumers' food choices and the psychological processes involved in their preferences is crucial to promote more mindful eating regulation and guide food design. Fortifying foods minimizing the oral dryness, rough, and puckering associated with many functional ingredients has been attracting interest in understanding oral astringency over the years. A variety of studies have explored the sensorial mechanisms and the food properties determining astringency perception. The present review provides a deeper understanding of astringency, a general view of the oral mechanisms involved, and the exciting variety of the latest methods used to direct and indirectly quantify and simulate the astringency perception and the specific mechanisms involved.

Guia prático para o manejo da dor / Guia prático para o manejo da dor

O estudo da dor e suas particularidades é de grande importância para o tratamento de diversas patologias e para a melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A maioria das disfunções orgânicas tem a dor como um ponto importante da sua manifestação. Dessa maneira, é justificável a elaboração de conteúdo para auxiliar os profissionais da saúde no entendimento e tratamento das principais causas de dores agudas e crônicas. Este livro foi elaborado com o objetivo de servir como um guia prático para o manejo da dor por profissionais e acadêmicos de Medicina. Engloba temas como conceitos e aspectos biopsicossociais da dor, além de questões mais complexas como a fisiologia da dor e o tratamento medicamentoso com o arsenal terapêutico existente. Finalmente, também trata dos diversos tipos de dor mais prevalentes e o conhecimento básico que envolve seu manejo.

In vitro susceptibility to ST-246 and Cidofovir corroborates the phylogenetic separation of Brazilian Vaccinia virus into two clades.

The Orthopoxvirus (OPV) genus of the Poxviridae family contains several human pathogens, including Vaccinia virus (VACV), which have been implicating in outbreaks of a zoonotic disease called Bovine Vaccinia in Brazil. So far, no approved treatment exists for OPV infections, but ST-246 and Cidofovir (CDV) are now in clinical development. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of five strains of Brazilian VACV (Br-VACV) to ST-246 and Cidofovir. The susceptibility of these strains to both drugs was evaluated by plaque reduction assay, extracellular virus's quantification in the presence of ST-246 and one-step growth curve in cells treated with CDV. Besides that, the ORFs F13L and E9L were sequenced for searching of polymorphisms associated with drug resistance. The effective concentration of 50% (EC50) from both drugs varies significantly for different strains (from 0.0054 to 0.051 µM for ST-246 and from 27.14 to 61.23 µM for CDV). ST-246 strongly inhibits the production of extracellular virus for all isolates in concentrations as low as 0.1 µM and it was observed a relevant decrease of progeny production for all Br-VACV after CDV treatment. Sequencing of the F13L and E9L ORFs showed that Br-VACV do not present the polymorphism(s) associated with resistance to ST-246 and CDV. Taken together, our results showed that ST-246 and CDV are effective against diverse, wild VACV strains and that the susceptibility of Br-VACV to these drugs mirrored the phylogenetic split of these isolates into two groups. Thus, both ST-246 and CDV are of great interest as compounds to treat individuals during Bovine Vaccinia outbreaks in Brazil.

Percepções da puérpera com relação a assistência prestada no pré-natal de baixo risco

Introdução: O período gravídico puerperal é singular na vida da mulher, pois além das mudanças hormonais, mobiliza emoções trazidas desde sua concepção. Para as mulheres, receber informação suficiente e adequada é sinônimo de humanização. Dentre as açõesrealizadas pela equipe de saúde estão orientações referentes aos processos fisiológicos, desenvolvimento do bebê, tipos de parto e incentivo ao parto natural, aleitamento materno,entre outros. O objetivo é avaliar se as puérperas consideram que receberam informações referentes aos processos do período gravídico/puerperal de acordo com a sua percepção, durante o pré-natal de baixo risco. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, entrevistas compostas por questões abertas e fechadas, com 13 puérperas de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de Novo Hamburgo, a amostra foi selecionada por conveniência, e para análise usou-se a temática descritiva de Minayo. Resultados e Discussão: Para análise dos resultados construiu-se 4 categorias temáticas: Informações centradas na clínica, grupo como cuidado, companhia e trabalho de parto. Considerações Finais: As puérperas daamostra consideram que receberam informações sobre os processos fisiológicos da gestação, parto e puerpério de forma parcial. Orientações a respeito de aleitamento materno e trabalho de parto foram mais trabalhadas em relação a outras como dor do parto e episiotomia

Histórias em quadrinhos: uma ferramenta para a educação e promoção da saúde / Comic strips: a tool for education and health promotion / Las historietas: una herramienta para la promoción de la educación y dela salud

Histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) fazem parte do dia a dia e sua evolução como mídia de entretenimento demonstra novas possibilidades de uso. O trabalho em que se baseia este artigo analisou a importância do uso de HQs como documentos informativos e formadores de opinião para a educação e promoção da saúde. Para isto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva documental sobre a utilização de HQs na área de saúde, no período de 2000 a 2016, nos sites: SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Wiley Online Library. Os resultados mostraram que as HQs são ótimos instrumentos pedagógicos e informativos por atingir um público mais abrangente. Para tanto, sua confecção necessita de cuidados especiais, levando-se em conta seu uso como ferramenta de comunicação em prol da saúde. Então, afere-se que as HQs exercem papel fundamental na educação e promoção da saúde, e são recomendadas para a difusão de conhecimentos para mudança de hábitos nocivos e insalubres, objetivando melhor qualidade de vida em caráter desenvolvimentista e sustentável.

Comics are part of the day by day and its evolution as entertainment demonstrates new possibilities of use.The work presented here is an analysis of how important is the use of comics as information documents and opinion formers for education and health promotion. A descriptive documentary research about the use of comic in the field of health, in the period from 2000 to 2016, was carried out in the following sites: SciELO,Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Wiley Online Library. The results show that comics are excellent pedagogical and informative instruments, reaching a wider audience. For this purpose, its elaboration needs special care, taking into account its use as communication tool in favour of health. Thus, comics play a fundamental role ineducation and health promotion, and they are recommended to the dissemination of knowledge so that theychange the harmful habits of health, seeking a better quality of life and sustainable development.

Las historietas (cómics) son parte del día a día y su evolución como medios de entretenimiento demuestra nuevas posibilidades de uso. El trabajo aquí presentado es un análisis de la importancia del uso que se hace de las historietas como documentos informativos y formadores de opinión para la educación y la promoción de la salud. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva documental sobre la utilización de las historietas en la área de salud, en el período de 2000 a 2016, en los siguientes sitios: SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Wiley Online Library. Los resultados muestran que las historietas son ótimos instrumentos pedagógicos y informativos por atingir un público más amplio. Para ello, su confección necesita de cuidados especiales, teniendo en cuenta su uso como una herramienta de comunicación en beneficio de la salud. Así, las historietas tienen un papel fundamental en la educación y en la promoción de la salud, y son recomiendadas para la difusión de conocimientos para la modificación de los hábitos perjudiciales para la salud, buscando mejor calidad de vida y desarrollo sostenible.

A Teoria Ator-Rede como referencial teórico-metodológico em pesquisas em saúde e enfermagem / La Teoría Actor-Red como referencial teórico-metodológico en investigaciones en salud y enfermagem / The Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical-methodological framework in health and nursing research

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a Teoria Ator-Rede como referencial teórico-metodológico na pesquisa em saúde e enfermagem. Método: estudo do tipo reflexivo, que utilizou-os princípios e conceitos da Teoria Ator-Rede como referencial teórico-metodológico. Resultados: a referida Teoria pode ser operacionalizada a partir da cartografia de controvérsias como seu método, sendo este definido pelos movimentos: 1) buscar uma porta de entrada na rede; 2) identificar os porta-vozes; 3) acessar os dispositivos de inscrição; 4) mapear as associações entre os actantes. Constitui-se como um conjunto de técnicas para explorar e visualizar polêmicas e controvérsias, observando e cartografando o debate social, especialmente, mas não exclusivamente, em torno dos problemas técnico-científicos. Assim, no escopo da saúde e enfermagem, mais precisamente no ambiente de práticas complexas, onde os enfermeiros e as tecnologias da saúde operam, a Teoria Ator-Rede tem emergido como um referencial teórico-metodológico de relevante notoriedade. Sua aplicação pode contribuir para o entendimento das inovações e suas influências para a coletividade a partir de associações estabelecidas entre os atores, seguindo seus passos, sem fracionar suas vidas, sem fazer recortes isolados, seguindo o que acontece em rede e o que está interligado, interferindo e sofrendo interferências. Conclusão: por acreditar que o conhecimento é um produto social ou efeito de uma rede de atores humanos e não-humanos, e não algo produzido por meio da operação de um método científico privilegiado, a Teoria Ator-Rede apresenta-se como um referencial teórico-metodológico promissor para os ambientes controversos das áreas da saúde e enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la Teoría Actor-Red como referencial teórico-metodológico en la investigación en salud y enfermería. Método: estudio del tipo reflexivo, que utilizo los principios y conceptos de la Teoría Actor-Red como referencial teórico-metodológico. Resultados: la referida Teoría puede ser operacionalizada a partir de la cartografía de controversias como su método, siendo este definido por los movimientos: 1) buscar una puerta de entrada en la red; 2) identificar a los portavoces; 3) acceder a los dispositivos de inscripción; 4) mapear las asociaciones entre los actantes. Se constituye como un conjunto de técnicas para explorar y ver polémicas y controversias, observando y cartografiando el debate social, especialmente, pero no exclusivamente, en torno a los problemas técnico-científicos. Así, en el ámbito de la salud y enfermería, más precisamente en el ambiente de prácticas complejas donde los enfermeros y las tecnologías de la salud operan, la Teoría Actor-Red ha emergido como un referencial teórico-metodológico de relevante notoriedad. Su aplicación puede contribuir al entendimiento de las innovaciones y sus influencias para la colectividad a partir de asociaciones establecidas entre los actores, siguiendo sus pasos, sin fraccionar sus vidas, sin hacer recortes aislados, siguiendo lo que sucede en red y lo que está interconectado, interfiriendo y sufriendo interferencias. Conclusión: por creer que el conocimiento es un producto social o efecto de una red de actores humanos y no humanos, y no algo producido por medio de la operación de un método científico privilegiado, la Teoría Actor-Red se presenta como un referencial teórico-metodológico prometedor para los ambientes controvertidos de las áreas de la salud y enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: we aimed to reflect on the Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical-methodological framework in health and nursing research. Method: reflexive study, in which principles and concepts of the Actor-Network Theory were used as a theoretical-methodological framework. Results: the Theory can be put in practice based on the mapping of controversies as its method, defined by the following movements: 1) seeking an entry door in the network; 2) identifying the spokespersons; 3) accessing the inscription devices; 4) mapping the associations between the actants. It corresponds to a set of techniques to explore and visualize polemics and controversies, observing and mapping the social debate, especially, but not exclusively, addressing technical-scientific problems. Hence, in the scope of health and nursing, more precisely in the sphere of the complex practices where the nurses and health technologies operate, the Actor-Network Theory has emerged as a relevant and noteworthy theoretical-methodological framework. Its application can contribute to the understanding of the innovations and their influences for the group, based on associations established between the actors, following their steps without fractioning their lives, without taking isolated excerpts, following what happens in a network and what is interlinked, interfering and suffering interference. Conclusion: in the belief that knowledge is a social product or effect of a network of human and non-human actors, instead of something produced by operating a privileged scientific method, the Actor-Network Theory figures as a promising theoretical-methodological framework for the controversial environments of health and nursing.